Glass recycling rules vary, so please check your local program guidelines. Learn more about the benefits of recycling and find the right recycling rules.
Simplify your recycling process with 3 simple rules. Become the expert and uncover the truth about common recycling myths. Container Labels. Affix this label to your curbside recycling bin to remind you what materials are acceptable and non-acceptable for recycling. Use this label in areas where glass is not accepted in your program.
Label recycling containers in each room of your home with these customized labels for the kitchen, bathroom and office. This simplified label showcases the most common recyclable items. This simplified label shows what materials belong in the trash for areas where food waste is acceptable in the trash. This simplified label shows what materials belong in the trash for areas where food waste is non-acceptable in the trash.
This simplified label shows materials that are typically acceptable for Organics recycling programs. Multifamily Tools. Get step by step directions along with the tools you need for establishing, evaluating and maintaining proper recycling guidelines in your community. Evaluate your property's recycling program using a comprehensive checklist to measure service levels, containers and surrounding areas.
Educate staff on the 3 rules of recycling and how to separate recyclables from non-recyclables. Part of the Multifamily Guide. Welcome new tenants and inform them of community recycling goals. Welcome new residents to the community and invite them to join your recycling program. Encourage residents to take pride in their community through proper recycling. Give residents space-efficient options for recycling.
Announce new recycling services and resources to residents. Inform residents of updates and improvements to existing recycling programs. Buy this handy reusable bag to collect recyclables at home, in the kitchen, or office or wherever you recycle.
Recycling Resources for Kids. Introduce a fun exercise creating reusable art to emphasize waste reduction. Provide kids with interactive learning opportunities that focus on building proper recycling habits with the Recycle Right Elementary Curriculum based on STEM standards. Find engaging and fun lessons, activities and handouts tailored for children in grades K Find engaging and fun lessons, activities and handouts tailored for children in grades Add a recycling widget to your site to provide quick access to these resources.
Add Residential Widget. Recycling Work. Keeping recyclables separate from contaminants is key to reaching your organization's sustainability goals. Learn more about how to correctly place and label bins and how to inform your employees of proper recycling practices. Recycling Hotels. Learn more about how to correctly place and label bins and how to inform your employees and janitorial staff of proper recycling practices.
All the resources you need to recycle right at work in one simple toolkit with labels, posters, and instructions for how to set up recycling at work. Glass recycling rules vary, please check your local program guidelines. Use this toolkit with all the resources needed to set up recycling in your workplace.
Use this poster in areas where glass is not accepted in your program. Follow this 6-step guide to set up a successful recycling system in your workplace.
Part of the Business Recycling Toolkit. Learn more about the benefits of recycling and find the recycling basics for common materials. Learn more about the benefits of recycling right at your workplace. Affix this label to all recycling bins to remind employees what is acceptable and non-acceptable for recycling. For facilities that only accept cardboard. Affix this label to all recycling bins as a reminder for employees. For facilities that only accept mixed fiber, like cardboard and paper.
There being no necessity of either water or chemical additive in the processing method, there is no wastewater-associated pollution issue, however, special attention should be provided with respect to dust and noise pollution. The low capital and operational cost in a physical separation plant for IC board recycling, being much less compared with a copper-smelting plant, is undoubtedly an added advantage of immense significance. On the basis of information provided by Huei-Chia-Dien Company, Taiwan [ 14 ], Figure 8 presents a physical separation flowsheet for the recycling of scrap IC boards.
Processing technology has been successfully developed for the recycle and reuse of e-waste at Council of Scientific and Industrial Research—National Metallurgical Laboratory CSIR-NML , Jamshedpur, India, in which metal bearing e-waste components were shredded and pulverized at the initial operation stage. Subsequently, the metals are separated from the plastics in the particulate mass, adopting a series of physical separation processes.
The process does not require much specialized and sophisticated equipment for processing of waste PCBs, since the said equipment and machinery required are readily available, however, its efficiency, especially with respect to commercial viability needs to be further worked upon [ 76 ].
The natural hydrophobicity of non-metallic constituents is effectively exploited by a flotation process and a continuous operation at plant level can reasonably be expected to minimize the loss of ultrafine metal values to a negligible level.
The operation is simple and the overall processing cost is low, taking into account the comparatively inexpensive physical separation processes deployed. The techniques used are purely physical in nature and thus generate no additional harmful effluents. The process enables the recovery of both metallic and non-metallic constituents separately. The process flow chart developed for precious metals is depicted in the Figure 9 [ 39 , 77 ]. Very recently, metal extraction processes from e-waste, particularly the existing industrial practices and routes, have been reviewed [ 78 ].
In the precious metals refinery setup, gold, silver, palladium and platinum are recovered. The anode slime from the copper electrolysis process is subjected to pressure leaching, followed by drying of the leach residue and the same after addition of fluxes is smelted in a precious metals furnace, leading to the recovery of selenium.
The remaining material, primarily silver, is cast into a silver anode, subsequently when subjected to a high-intensity electrolytic refining process, a high-purity silver cathode and anode gold slime are formed while leaching of anode gold slime leads to precipitation of high-purity gold, as well as palladium and platinum sludge.
Figure 10 shows the precious metals recovery process. Recovery of precious metals from electronic scraps factually is the key to its commercial exploitation by the recycling industry, for profiteering, in the backdrop of the fact that e-scrap contains more than 40 times the concentration of gold content in gold ores found in the US [ 79 ], which is almost one-third the precious metal recovered in e-waste processing.
The extraction of the precious metal is carried out by the well-established techniques that are discussed in detail in various articles [ 80 — 83 ]. Various methodologies such as pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and bi-hydrometallurgy technologies are analyzed for the recovery of gold and also the evaluation of recovery efficiency of gold from e-waste has been reviewed [ 84 ].
Precious metals recovery process [ 17 ]. Pyrometallurgical processing techniques, including conflagrating, smelting in a plasma arc furnace, drossing, sintering, melting, and varied reactions in a gas phase at high temperatures for recovering non-ferrous metals, as well as precious metals from e-waste, happens to be the conventional method deployed in the past two decades, wherein, the crushed scraps are liquefied in a furnace or in a molten bath to remove plastics and in the process, the refractory oxides form a slag phase together with some metal oxides.
From the process review undertaken by Cui and Zhang [ 5 ] with respect to recovering metals from e-waste, the emerging view indicates that both hydro- and pyrometallurgical processes were evaluated in-depth and discussed at length.
The process review suggests that hydrometallurgical processes have certain benefits and merit as well when compared with pyrometallurgical processes on account of it being less of a hypothesis or more exact, predictable while also being advantageous from the view point of its ease in control [ 5 ]. On the flip side, though hydrometallurgical routes have been adopted successfully to recover PMs from e-waste, from the efficacy perspective, these processes are attributable to certain limiting disadvantages including but not limited to scale-up constraints, which poses to be deterrent to their application at the industrial scale.
The review suggests that pyrometallurgical routes are comparatively more economical, eco-efficient, apart from being advantageous from the perspective of maximizing the recovery of PMs [ 5 ]. Veldbuizen and Sippel [ 85 ] reported the Noranda process at Quebec, Canada as illustrated in Figure In the process, impurities including iron, lead, and zinc are converted to oxides, forming silica-based slag aided by the agitated oxidation zone, followed by cooling and milling of the slag for further recovery of metals prior to its disposal.
The precious metals content of the copper matte is removed before being transferred to the converters, which after upgrade yields liquid blister copper, and this after further refinement in anode furnaces is cast into anodes with purity as high as The precious metals, including gold, silver, platinum, and palladium, along with other recoverable metals, such as selenium, tellurium, and nickel constitute the balance of 0. Schematic diagram for the Noranda Smelting Processing [ 85 ].
Pyrometallurgical processing for the recovery of metals from e-waste is applied by Boliden Ltd. Purity-linked multiple step feeding of e-scraps, is illustrated in Figure The scraps with high copper content scrap is processed in the Kaldo Furnace and around , tons of scraps including e-waste was reportedly being processed in the Kaldo Furnace year-on-year, as per an APME report during the year A standard gas handling system recovers thermal energy assisted by a suitably configured steam network.
The mixed copper alloy produced by the Kaldo Furnace is processed in a copper converter for recovery of metals Cu, Ag, Au, Pd, Ni, Se, and Zn , while the dust content containing Pb, Sb, In, and Cd is subjected to other processing operations for the recovery of relevant metal content.
However, the publications lack detailed discussions on environmental issues, such as emission of pollutants in air and water.
Umicore published [ 30 , 87 ] its precious metals refining process at Hoboken, Belgium, which is primarily focused on the recovery of precious metals from e-waste. Various industrial wastes and by-products from other non-ferrous industries e. It is the world's largest precious metals recycling facility with a capacity of over 50 tons of PGMs, over tons of gold, and tons of silver [ 88 ]. Plastics or other organic substances that are contained in the feed partially substitute the coke as a reducing agent and energy source.
The smelter separates precious metals in copper bullion from most other metals concentrated in a lead slag, which are further treated at the Base Metals Operations BMO. The copper bullion is subsequently treated by copper-leaching and electrowinning and precious metals refinery for copper and precious metals recovery.
The main processing steps are lead blast furnace, lead refinery, and special metals plant. The lead blast furnace reduces the oxidized lead slag from the IsaSmelt together with high lead-containing lead bullion, nickel speiss, copper matte and depleted slag.
The impure lead bullion, collecting most of the non-precious metals, is further treated in the lead refinery Harris process. Special metals indium, selenium, and tellurium residues were reported [ 30 ] to be generated in the lead refining process.
Consequently, pure metals are recovered in a special metals refinery. In the Umicore's plant, following complex flowsheet with several steps including pyrometallurgical techniques, hydrometallurgical process, and electrochemical technology are employed in the recovery of base metals, precious metals, as well as platinum group metals and special metals are shown in Figure 13 [ 87 ].
Flowsheet for Umicore's integrated metals smelter and refinery [ 30 ]. The content or substances in cellular phone are variable to some extent, based on the model and its manufacturer, with no fixed formula or list of contents applicable as such, thus, the list of substances in an average mobile phone may also be misleading since varied substances might be used as additives in very minimal quantities or traces by different manufacturers in the production of microelectronic components.
However, the general composition of cellular phones and other small electronic goods as well, is identical in nature. Table 6 presents the fractional composition of a modern cell phone [ 89 ]. Recovering metals of higher percentage concentration like copper and metals of precious value or worth like gold, palladium and silver is factually the underlying objective for metal recovery from EOL or obsolete cellular phones and aluminum or magnesium cases of cellular phones wherever applicable, contribute further to value addition or generation through its recycling.
The flowchart Figure 14 shows two methods of recycling scrap mobile phones developed in Korea [ 38 ]. The first method process I involves shredding of waste PCBs and shipment to a copper smelter. The second method process II comprises of shredding, conflagration, melting or converting to copper alloy containing precious metals, and subsequent refining adopting the hydrometallurgical route. However, the systemic operation of recycling for e-waste processing operations in Korea does not in true sense function effectively since the majority of waste mobile phones collected are exported or conflagrated and landfilled, while only 2.
A pilot plant to recover cobalt from spent lithium-ion batteries of waste mobile phones is under operation, taking into account the high-valuation of cobalt. Flow sheet for the recycling of metal values from waste mobile phones in Korea [ 38 ]. The phenomenal transformation in the lifestyle pattern of consumers of electronic goods, in the emerging scenario, is triggered by their contribution to the convenience and ease in everyday life.
This is attributable to the concerted efforts of the global scientific genre, especially focused upon scientific developments in sync with modern era living comforts of the target consumers. Incremental rate of obsolescence and subsequent upgrades of product quality are key psychological impacting factors factually influencing the consumers' mindset in contributing to the faster turnaround of the product life cycle.
This aspect is proving to be a potential trigger in accelerating the pace of accumulation of huge EOL-EEEs e-waste such as computers, mobile phones, televisions, etc. The said devices contain various non-ferrous and ferrous metals such as lead Pb , copper Cu , gold Au , aluminum Al , silver Ag , palladium pd , which as such gets disposed off as waste, even though it has immense potential of being converted to wealth from waste, including but not limited to serving the purpose of catering to as vital inputs in new product cycle.
These valuable and precious metals comprising e-waste, when subjected to processing by the unorganized sector with limited perspective of profit motive, by adopting, more often than not, scientifically unsustainable methodology such as manual sorting, grinding, and incineration, leads to catastrophic environmental implications and health hazard to the workforce as well, especially emanating from its consequent and collective toxic impact of both gas and metal components. Safe and scientific disposal management with respect to EOL-EEEs continues to remain an uphill task, in both developing and developed countries, and in the process, the former, more often than not, gets cannibalized by the developed countries on account of their illegal and irresponsible approach of shipping the same to developing countries, as an easy escape.
Advancement in technology for the sustainable recovery of valuable materials from e-waste needs to be an evolving process to resolve this escalating problem with respect to environment and life. However, usage of the technology comprises many processing techniques of thermal processing, bioleaching, hydrometallurgy, pyrometallurgy, etc.
The developing countries as well are gradually tightening the enforcement of regulatory norms in facing the challenges ahead, apart from the developing countries in the European Union, for sustainable, eco-friendly handling, collection, and disposal of e-waste.
As is known, the developed countries have technology and infrastructure superiority, the developing countries, on the other hand, have the advantage of economy with respect to labor cost, considerably impacting both handling and processing cost and the prospect of accomplishing a win-win situation based on one's inherent strength or advantages has the potential for being commercially exploited with scientific temperament, complement each other in making this world a safer habitat.
The conventional methods of e-waste management by disposing in landfills or incineration or exporting to developing or underdeveloped countries are becoming redundant since this is already in the process of being banned in absolute terms with consciousness about its hazardous and life-threatening implications dawning upon the stakeholders, with passage of time, which to some extent is also influenced by print and media. This can be furthered by active interaction between the scientific community and the stakeholders, including the industry and public at large, since it is ethically incumbent upon the scientists to play their role in arresting the highly detrimental consequences to nature and life.
Stringent and mandatory norms are being put into place, even by the underdeveloped countries, for protecting its citizens and the environment, contrary to the slackness that earlier existed, thereby exposing to exploitation by the developed countries.
The presence of precious metals in e-waste recycling makes it an immensely attractive business potential, both in terms of environment and economics. There is need for evolving fool-proof solution, which addresses the limitations of current technologies, provides accessible and comparatively cost-effective techniques, efficient and eco-friendly methodologies in addressing the menacingly escalating threat to environment and life, including but not limited to the carcinogenic impact of the toxins released in crude processing of e-waste.
Increased public awareness and active participation among stakeholders across the board, including government and regulatory authorities about the damaging implications of crude recycling processes borne out of unscrupulous profit motive and incentivise the tremendous business potential of environmentally safe recycling through sustainable methodology, based on scientific techniques, is essentially imperative.
Keeping in mind the rapidly escalating scenario and change in lifestyle pattern, future safety with respect to environment and life, evolving sustainable and scientific e-waste management in a focused manner with sufficient infrastructure and financial resources is imperative.
On the other hand, evolving effective legislations and monitoring mechanisms for enforcement of the same by countries is equally vital, in accomplishing the herculean task that lies ahead. Licensee IntechOpen. This chapter is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 3. Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers. Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications. Edited by Florin-Constantin Mihai.
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Downloaded: Abstract Electronic waste, or e-waste, is an emerging problem with developed nations as with developing nations. Keywords Electronic waste collection and disposal recycling practices metal recovery. Introduction Safe and sustainable disposal of End-of-Life EOL electronic waste has been considered to be a major sphere of concern both by the government and public as well, due to its perilous impact on human life and environment, arising from its hazardous and highly toxic constituents.
Definition of e-waste Electronic waste or e-waste, according to the WEEE directive of the European Commission, is defined as waste material consisting of any broken or unwanted electronic appliance. Health and environmental impact of e-waste EOL of electrical and electronic equipments comprise numerous components, many of which are inherently hazardous and highly toxic in nature, which if not arrested through scientifically sustainable recycling and disposal, can lead to a disastrous impact on life, environment, and climate as well.
E-waste sources Constitutents Health effects Solder in PCBs, glass panels, and gaskets in computer monitors Lead Causes damage to the nervous system, circulatory system, and kidney. Also affects brain developments in children. Chip resistors and semiconductors Cadmium Causes neural damage. Relays and switches, PCBs Mercury Cause chronic damage to the brain and respiratory and skin disorders.
Corrosion protection of untreated galvanized steel plates, decorator, or hardener for steel housing Hexavalent chromiun Causes bronchitis and DNA damage.
Cabling and computer housing Plastics including PVC Affects the reproductive system and immune system and lead to hormonal disorder. Plastic housing of electronic equipments and circuit boards Brominated flame retardants Disrupts endocrine system functions. Front panel of CRTs Barium, phosphor, and heavy metals Causes muscle weakness and damage to heart, liver, and spleen.
Motherboard Beryllium Carcinogenic in nature causing skin diseases. Table 1. E-waste sources and their health effects. Element Quantity Plastics 7. Table 2. Toxic elements present in an average computer. Global scenario Accelerated generation of e-waste with passage of time happens to be the natural outcome of incremental penetration of IT in diverse spheres of day-to-day activities, adding up to the municipal solid waste stream. Indian scenario As there exists no dedicated or systematic collection provision for e-waste in India, no clear data is available on the quantity actually generated and disposed off each year and the extent of resultant environmental risk.
E-waste disposal methods Computer scrap in India is handled through various approaches in management alternatives such as product reuse, conventional disposal in landfills, incineration, and recycling. Product reuse Refurbishing used computers and other electronic goods for reuse after minor modifications, apart from the prevalent trend of passing on the same to relatives and friends, is a common societal practice.
Conventional disposal in landfills The product is dumped in landfill sites, where it may remain indefinitely. Incineration or open-air burning After manual separation of components, motherboards are introduced to open pit burning for extracting the thin layer of copper foils laminated in the circuit board, which after charring, is distilled through a simple froth floating process. Recycling Recycling practices for discarded personal computers are highly local and rudimentary, albeit, the metal value recovered from computer waste lessens considerably the disposal burden and consequent financial costs.
Table 3. Techniques and tools used for e-waste recovery. Existence of e-waste recycling plants in India 6. E-Parisara Pvt. Ltd E-Parisara, an eco-friendly e-waste recycling unit on the outskirts of Bengaluru, has the capacity to recycle 3 tons of e-waste every day and is expected to be scaled up to achieve a ton capacity in five years [ 68 , 69 ]. Table 4. Market value of the metal recovered from kg of PCBs. Ash recyclers Ash Recyclers is a Bengaluru-based environmentally compliant electronic waste recycling organization, which received KSPCB authorisation at around the same time as E-parisara in Nandini Enterprises K.
CRT recycling The risk-prone consequence and intense cost implications associated with the disposal of obsolete or malfunctioning CRTs containing highly toxic and hazardous materials such as lead, cadmium, mercury, etc.
Glass-to-glass recycling Glass-to-glass recycling is considered a closed loop process where the collected glass serves as the feed material for producing new CRTs. Glass-to-lead recycling In the glass-to-lead recycling process, metallic lead Pb and copper Cu are separated and recovered from the CRT glass through a smelting process. Metals recovery The separation of metallic components through magnetic and eddy current separators are in vogue, wherein, ferrous components are separated, aided either by a permanent magnet or electromagnet, while metals such as aluminum and copper from non-metallic materials are separated in eddy current separator.
Table 5. Precious metals recovery In the precious metals refinery setup, gold, silver, palladium and platinum are recovered. Recovery of metals by pyro- and hydrometallurgical processing Pyrometallurgical processing techniques, including conflagrating, smelting in a plasma arc furnace, drossing, sintering, melting, and varied reactions in a gas phase at high temperatures for recovering non-ferrous metals, as well as precious metals from e-waste, happens to be the conventional method deployed in the past two decades, wherein, the crushed scraps are liquefied in a furnace or in a molten bath to remove plastics and in the process, the refractory oxides form a slag phase together with some metal oxides.
Composition and recovery of metal value from scrap mobile phones The content or substances in cellular phone are variable to some extent, based on the model and its manufacturer, with no fixed formula or list of contents applicable as such, thus, the list of substances in an average mobile phone may also be misleading since varied substances might be used as additives in very minimal quantities or traces by different manufacturers in the production of microelectronic components.
Table 6. Fractional compositions of mobile phones. More Print chapter. How to cite and reference Link to this chapter Copy to clipboard. Cite this chapter Copy to clipboard Vidyadhar Ari June 29th Available from:. Over 21, IntechOpen readers like this topic Help us write another book on this subject and reach those readers Suggest a book topic Books open for submissions. More statistics for editors and authors Login to your personal dashboard for more detailed statistics on your publications.
Access personal reporting. More About Us. E-waste sources. Health effects. Solder in PCBs, glass panels, and gaskets in computer monitors.
Causes damage to the nervous system, circulatory system, and kidney. To achieve this, the volume has been divided in twelve chapters that cover three major themes: holistic view of the global e-waste situation current reserve supply chain and management of used electronics, including flows, solutions, policies and regulations future perspectives and solutions for a sustainable e-waste management. The emphasis of the book is mainly on the dramatic change of the entire e-waste sector from the cheapest way of getting rid of e-waste in an environmental sound way to how e-waste can help to reduce excavation of new substances and lead to a sustainable economy.
It is an ideal resource for policy-makers, waste managers and researchers involved in the design and implementation of e-waste. Discover the latest technologies in the pursuit of zero-waste solutions in the electronics industry In Electronic Waste: Recycling and Reprocessing for a Sustainable Future, a team of expert sustainability researchers delivers a collection of resources that thoroughly examine methods for extracting value from electronic waste while aiming for a zero-waste scenario in industrial production.
The book discusses the manufacturing and use of materials in electronic devices while presenting an overview of separation methods for industrial materials. Readers will also benefit from a global overview of various national and international regulations related to the topic of electronic and electrical waste. A must-read resource for scientists and engineers working in the production and development of electronic devices, the authors provide comprehensive overviews of the benefits of achieving a zero-waste solution in electronic and electrical waste, as well as the risks posed by incorrectly disposed of electronic waste.
Readers will enjoy: An introduction to electronic waste, including the opportunities presented by zero-waste technologies and solutions Explorations of e-waste management and practices in developed and developing countries and e-waste transboundary movement regulations in a variety of jurisdictions Practical discussions of approaches for estimating e-waste generation and the materials used in electronic equipment and manufacturing perspectives In-depth treatments of various recycling technologies, including physical separation, pyrometallurgy, hydrometallurgy, and biohydrometallurgy Perfect for materials scientists, electronic engineers, and metal processing professionals, Electronic Waste: Recycling and Reprocessing for a Sustainable Future will also earn a place in the libraries of industrial chemists and professionals working in organizations that use large amounts of chemicals or produce electronic waste.
Fachbuch aus dem Jahr im Fachbereich Informatik - Sonstiges, American University of Central Asia, Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: This paper explores answers to: what are the threats and negative impacts of E-waste toxic and hazardous substances to both human and environment; what should governments and businesses do to reduce the threat to human health and the environment from the increasing electronic wastes?
Then, it clarifies what should be done by each individual in order to reduce the amount of E- waste? Afterward, it enlightens how E- waste can affect the environment and how does its primitive recycling in developing countries affect the health of men, women and children who do this without protection?
Subsequently, it elucidates what should be done by companies which produce electronic items in order to reduce the amount of E- wastes? Finally, it discusses the methods of legal and illegal transfer of E-waste, and laws and regulations enforced by international environment community.
E-Waste is among the fastest growing waste streams across the world today and its disposal is major problem because of presence of various toxic elements. Therefore there is an urgent need to adopt an environment-friendly and simple technology for recycling these wastes. Compatible with any devices. Concern about the fate of waste products produced by a wide range of industrial processes has led to the realization that they may have potential uses and, therefore, value.
In an effort to develop more sustainable processes and reduce waste storage, the use of waste as a resource has been gaining attention worldwide. Consequently, there have been a large number of studies aimed at utilizing such wastes. Conversion of Large Scale Wastes into Value-added Products discusses various selected classes of large-scale waste and their current applications and potential future applications.
This book provides a snapshot of a continually evolving field, which includes both well-established processes and a drive toward developing strategies for new applications of wastes.
The first chapter provides a general introduction to the area of large-scale waste utilization, including drivers for waste recovery, and secondary processes and products for waste reuse. Subsequent chapters discuss applications and potential applications in specific classes of large-scale waste: Various types of waste generated from different metal processing operations Waste generated by coal combustion, a major source of power generation that produces enormous quantities of waste Waste electrical and electronic equipment, important for recycling finite resources and reducing health and environmental risks Food waste, a significant and diverse waste stream with economic and environmental impacts The final chapter presents a general conclusion to the broad subject of waste utilization, summarizing the topics and addressing future trends in waste research.
Handbook of Electronic Waste Management: International Best Practices and Case Studies begin with a brief summary of the environmental challenges associated with the approaches used in international e-waste handling.
The book's authors offer a detailed presentation of e-waste handling methods that also includes examples to further demonstrate how they work in the real world. This is followed by data that reveals the geographies of e-waste flows at global, national and subnational levels. Users will find this resource to be a detailed presentation of e-waste estimation methods that also addresses both the handling of e-waste and their hazardous effect on the surrounding environment.
Includes case studies to illustrate the implementation of innovative e-waste treatment technologies Provides methods for designing and managing e-waste management networks in accordance with regulations, fulfilment obligations and process efficiency Reference guide for adapting traditional waste management methods and handling practices to the handling and storage of electronic waste until disposal Provides e-waste handling solutions for both urban and rural perspectives.
Chapters explore points-of-view of worldwide researchers and research project managers with respect to new research developments and how to improve processing technologies.
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